Chicago manual of style citation multiple authors

This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts. The Chicago Notes and Bibliography NB system is often used in the humanities to provide writers with a system for referencing their sources through the use of footnotes, endnotes, and through the use of a bibliography.

This offers writers a flexible option for citation and provides an outlet for commenting on those sources, if needed. In addition, it can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the intentional or accidental uncredited use of source material created by others.

In the Notes and Bibliography system, you should include a note endnote or footnote each time you use a source, whether through a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary.

Footnotes are added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document. In either case, a superscript number corresponding to a note, along with the bibliographic information for that source, should be placed in the text following the end of the sentence or clause in which the source is referenced.

If a work includes a bibliography, which is typically preferred, then it is not necessary to provide full publication details in notes. The Chicago Manual of Style is often used to document sources for research papers. The purpose of documentation is to:. T he Chicago Manual of Style 16th ed. This guide is intended as a guideline for the Notes and Bibliography system only. Be sure to check with your instructor to find out which citation style you should use for an assignment.

See these sections for information and examples that will help you to cite the sources that you come across during your research. The examples in this guide cover frequently used citation forms only. While this guide provides helpful examples, it may not be perfect. Both present the exact same information; the only difference is the placement of the year in source citations:. There are also other types of bibliography that work as stand-alone texts, such as an annotated bibliography.

In Chicago author-date style , your text must include a reference list. It appears at the end of your paper and gives full details of every source you cited. In notes and bibliography style, you use Chicago style footnotes to cite sources; a bibliography is optional but recommended. Hello, I would like to reflect the thoughts of an author in my bachelor thesis. I often mention the name of the author in my text. So I ask myself whether I have to put the year and page number after the author's name every time?

Or is it enough if I do that at the end of the content section? Hope that helps! I would like to know what the format is for the Chicago-author-date style in word for the reference list? I know that the line spacing is single, but I am unsure what the "before" and "after" option should be should both the number option for "before" and "after" be 0 pt?

Hi, I would like to know how I should organize multiple works of the same author in one set of brackets with in-text citation. If for example I refer to Jackson and Jackson ? Should it be: Jackson and or Jackson ; Jackson ? When you cite two works by the same author in the same place, you can just place a semicolon between the two years; you don't need to repeat the author's name: Jackson ; I would like to know how I should organize multiple sources in one set of brackets with in-text citation.

If for example I refer to Bol , Cricket , and Dumbo , should I organize them alphabetically, chronologically, or by relevance? In this case, you're free to choose which order to place them in. Chicago suggests alphabetical, chronological, or ordering by importance are all valid approaches; use whichever approach seems most appropriate to you. I was wondering what should I do when citing in author-date Chicago style and writing an additional footnote to further explain a concept presented in the text , in which I want to cite a book, a website or anything else.

To cite a source in author-date style within a footnote, you can just follow the usual style for author-date citations in the main text. For example:. Do you just put the page of the footnote, or do you do something like, Latour , 12, n. Thanks for your help! The format Chicago recommends for this is indeed to use "n" but without any spaces or punctuation.

So to cite note 35 on page 12, you'd write " Latour , 12n35 ". However, they also say that if there's only one note on the page, you can just write "n" without specifying the note number, i. If there is no individual author listed, but the source was created by a specific organization, cite the organization name as the author.

If not, use a shortened version of the title instead. If there is no publication date, replace in with "n. Relativism: A Contemporary Anthology.

New York: Columbia University Press, References List Format : Give the author and title in quotation marks for the chapter or selection. Then give the title, editor if any , and publication data for the book or anthology.

In the bibliography, give the inclusive page numbers before the publication data. Dalrymple, William. Chapter Title-No quotation marks-No italics. Number-if applicable. In Book Title-in italics. Williams, Susan Millar. Cross Purposes. Athens and London: Univ. References List Format : Give edition information after the title.

Brinkley, Alan. New York: McGraw-Hill, References List Format : Place the original publication date before the publication information for the reprint. James, King of England. The Political Works of James I. Edited by Charles Howard McIlwain. Reprint, Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, Note: Citations of sacred texts such as the Christian Bible, Islam's Holy Qur'an and the Hebrew Torah generally occur only in the in-text citation and are not included in the References List.

References List Format : In the notes, give the volume number and page number, separated by a colon, for the specific location of the information referred to in your text. Hanqi, Fang, ed. A History of Journalism in China. Vol 7.

Singapore: Silkroad Press, References List Format : Give the title of the volume to which you refer, followed by the volume number and the general title for the entire work. Atkinson, Rick. Vol 3 of The Liberation Trilogy. New York: Henry Holt, References List Format : The series name follows the title and is capitalized as a title but is not italicized. If the series numbers its volumes, include that information as well. Holt, Michael F. Franklin Pierce. American Presidents Series Biv, Roy G.

On learning the color spectrum. Stannard, Martin. Preface to Muriel Spark: The Biography, xv-xxvi. New York: Norton, Note: Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with the page number that follows the last page number in the previous issue. In other words, the page numbers run consecutively from issue to issue.

References List Format : Give the author last name first followed by the year of publication then the article title. Include the name of the journal in italics followed by the v olume number, the issue number if available and end with the page number s.

Brown, Sterling. Arcadia, South Carolina. Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life Note: Non-Consecutive Pagination means that each new issue of a Journal begins with page 1 and not with the number that follows the last page number in the previous issue, as is the case with consecutive pagination.

References List Format : Begin with the author last name first followed by the year of publication, the article title and the name of the journal in italics. Include the volume number, the issue number and end with the article page number s. Clifford, James. On Ethnographic Authority. Representations 1, no. References List Format : Cite like a monthly magazine see next format , but provide the day of publication.

Makary, Marty. References List Format : Magazines are cited by their dates rather than by volume and issue. Huber, Peter. Note: When no author by-line exists, begin with the Article Title and proceed as shown above.

This case also illustrates a magazine with a volume number but not an issue number. References List Format : Begin with the author last name first followed by the year of publication, the article title, the magazine title in italics , the volume number and or issue.

End with the page number s when citing specific portions or quoted passages. A passing race. Canadian Magazine , Note: In most cases, newspaper articles are cited in running text and are not included in the References List; however, when you do, follow the example below.

When no author by-line exists, begin with the Article Title rather than the author's name. References List Format : If the name of the newspaper does not include the city, insert the city before the name and italicize it.

If an American city is not well known, name the state as well in parentheses, abbreviated. Identify newspapers from other countries with the city in parentheses not italicized after the name of the newspaper. Page number may be omitted, since separate editions of the same newspaper may place articles differently. If a paper comes out in more than one edition, identify the edition after the date. Zito, Kelly. Note: When not part of the newspaper title, include name of American city, in italics, along with the rest of the title, as shown here:.

Note: When city name is not well known, or there is more than one city in America with the same name, include the state abbreviation, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here:. Note: Follow the title of foreign newspapers with its hometown name, in parenthesis and not italicized, as shown here:. Holden, Stephen. New York Times , September 23, References List Format : If not author is given, begin the note with the title of the article; begin the bibliography entry with the title of the periodical.

Boston Globe. References List Format : Treat as a newspaper article. Levi, Jason. Letter to the editor. Smithsonian , June Note: Include the phrase, "Ph. Include the publication number from ProQuest if appropriate. Colello, Anthony. PhD diss. References List Format : Give the author and title, in quotation marks.

Iddings, Joshua Glenn. Note: Format like a Journal Article. Include the phrase, "Ph. References List Format : Provide information as you would for an article in a journal. Add information about Dissertation Abstracts International. Mou, Yi. Abstract, Dissertation Abstracts International 74 References List Format : Include the document author last name first , the document date when available followed by a description of the document including the collection name, the depository name and the depository location.

Peterkin, Julia. Letter to George Shively dated 18 October. Bobbs-Merrill Papers. Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Note: Papers appearing in the Published Proceedings of Meetings may be formatted in the same manner as a book. References List Format : List the author last name first , the year the paper was read, and the paper title. Montgomery, M. Dow Turner's early work on Gullah. Note: Consult The Chicago Manual of Style to format interviews appearing in other print and non-print mediums.

Rachel Stein, interview by author, Pittsburgh, June 2, References List Format : Do not include unpublished interviews in the bibliography. References List Format : Do not include personal communications such as letters or phone calls in the bibliography. In a note, give the name of the person with whom you communicated, the form of communication, and the date.